As the maritime industry accelerates its transition toward greener operations, battery technology is emerging as a key solution in reducing emissions and enhancing efficiency. According to Philip Lewis, Director of Research at Intelatus, the sector is witnessing significant investments in battery energy storage systems, with more than 1,000 operational vessels globally already utilizing battery power and another 550 on order.
While the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has set an ambitious goal of achieving net-zero emissions by or around 2050, the industry faces challenges in bridging the gap between current practices and sustainability targets. Lewis highlights that battery adoption is on the rise, particularly in short-sea shipping, where frequent access to charging infrastructure makes electrification feasible. Battery hybrid solutions are the most common use of battery systems, where batteries are combined with main internal combustion engines. Pure battery electric vessels are a smaller but growing segment that is more common in certain short-sea segments.
Batteries as a Pathway to a Greener Future
“Decarbonization in shipping is not a one-size-fits-all approach,” said Lewis. “Batteries play a crucial role in hybrid power systems and short-sea operations, but they are not a universal solution for all vessel types. Their ability to improve efficiency and reduce emissions makes them an increasingly attractive investment.”
Intelatus data indicates that over 17% of the global vessel order book now features alternative fuels such as LNG, LPG, methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen, alongside battery energy storage solutions. Lewis emphasized that while batteries themselves are energy storage units rather than energy carriers, they are a critical component of modern hybrid propulsion systems.
“Batteries work well in a hybrid setup with conventional engines or as fully electric power sources in certain applications,” he explained. “This is particularly effective in peak shaving—optimizing engine loads—and as a spinning reserve, where batteries act as backup power sources for critical operations.”
Where Do Batteries Make the Most Sense?
Battery-powered vessels are most often seen in short-sea applications, including:
• Ferries
• Offshore oil, gas, and wind support vessels
• Tugboats
• Port and harbor operations
Just over two-thirds of battery vessels are active in Europe and Norway. Norway in particular is leading the charge in maritime electrification, thanks to its abundant clean energy infrastructure. More than 98% of the country’s electricity is generated from low-emission sources, predominantly hydropower. Since 2023, the Norwegian government has mandated that all new ferry contracts must involve low- or zero-emission vessels, spurring significant investment in fully electric and hybrid ferries.
“The Norwegian model demonstrates how a government-backed framework can drive technological advancements,” said Lewis. “Operators and technology providers know there is a clear requirement, which creates confidence in investing in charging infrastructure and vessel electrification.”
Challenges to Widespread Adoption
While the adoption of batteries is growing, significant challenges remain, particularly for deep-sea shipping, where long voyages and high energy demands make full electrification impractical. Key obstacles include:
• Charging Infrastructure – The lack of standardized charging ports and limited access to consistent power sources in various regions.
• Energy Certification – Ensuring that electricity used to charge marine batteries comes from certified lowemission sources remains a challenge.
• Battery Size and Weight – Fully electric systems require large, heavy battery banks, which can impact vessel design and cargo capacity.
• Frequent Charging Needs – Some battery-powered vessels require recharging every 15–20 hours, making them dependent on proximity to charging stations.
• Cost and Lifespan – Batteries currently carry a cost premium, and replacement cycles of 10–15 years add to long-term operational expenses.
Despite these challenges, Lewis remains optimistic: “Investment in marine battery technology is growing, and while full vessel electrification may not be viable in all markets, hybridization will continue to expand. Solutions are being developed, and we are on a strong trajectory toward a greener maritime future.”
Source: Intelatus