Captive refinery MTBE plants CMTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) production facilities primarily located within refineries. These integrated refinery units produce MTBE from Fluid Cat Cracker isobutylene with production dedicated to internal gasoline blending requirements. Carbon monoxide (CO) A lethal gas produced by incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels in internal combustion engines. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Carbon sink A geographical area whose vegetation and/or soil soaks up significant carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Such areas, typically in tropical regions, are increasingly being sacrificed for energy crop production. Casing Steel lining used to prevent caving of the sides of a well, to exclude unwanted fluids and to provide means of control of well pressures and oil and gas production. Casinghead gas (or oil well gas) Natural gas produced along with crude oil from oil wells. It contains either dissolved or associated gas or both. Catalysts Chemical compounds that facilitate or promote a reaction by their presence or action. Catalytic cracking The refining process of breaking down the larger, heavier, and more complex hydrocarbon molecules into simpler and lighter molecules. Catalytic cracking is accomplished by the use of a catalytic agent and is an effective process for increasing the yield of gasoline from crude oil. Catalytic cracking processes fresh feeds and recycled feeds. Catalytic hydrocracking A refining process for treating petroleum fractions from atmospheric or vacuum distillation units (e.g., naphthas, middle distillates, reformer feeds, residual fuel oil, and heavy gas oil) and other petroleum (e.g., cat cracked naphtha, coker naphtha, gas oil, etc.) in the presence of catalysts and substantial quantities of hydrogen. Hydrotreating includes desulfurization, removal of substances (e.g., nitrogen compounds) that deactivate catalysts, conversion of olefins to paraffins to reduce gum formation in gasoline, and other processes to upgrade the quality of the fractions. Cellulose The most abundant organic material on Earth. It is the fibrous material in the stalk, leaves and other parts of plants. Cellulosic ethanol A new way to make ethanol that promises to be more efficient and better for the environment. Ethanol is now typically made from starch in the corn's grain, which is converted to sugar to make into alcohol. Cellulose also is made up of a strain of glucose molecules, but their bonds are more difficult to break down. Special enzymes are used to eat away the cellulose and turn it into sugar that can be fermented and distilled into alcohol. Cement Used to keep the casing stationary in the well and to prevent leakage between strata that have been drilled through. Central warm air furnace A measure of ignition quality of diesel fuel. The higher the cetane number, the easier the fuel ignites when it is injected into the engine. Cetane Number A measure of ignition quality of diesel fuel. The higher the cetane number, the easier the fuel ignites when it is injected into the engine. Christmas Tree Assembly of valves and fittings located at the head of a well to control flow of oil and gas. Clean Ballast Term applied to the seawater used for ballast when it is not contaminated by any oil and is carried in clean tanks. Co-generation System A system that recovers waste heat and reuses it for air conditioning and other purposes, unlike its predecessor, the mono-generation system. Cofiring The process of burning natural gas in conjunction with another fuel to reduce air pollutants Compressed natural gas (CNG) Natural gas which is comprised primarily of methane, compressed to a pressure at or above 2,400 pounds per square inch and stored in special high-pressure containers. It is used as a fuel for natural gas powered vehicles. Concession The right to drill for oil or gas on a block obtained under licence from the state. Condensate Liquid hydrocarbons recovered from a condensate gas reservoir. Contracted gas Any gas for which Interstate Pipeline has a contract to purchase from any domestic or foreign source that cannot be identified to a specific field or group. This includes tailgate plant purchases, single meter point purchases, pipeline purchases, natural gas imports, SNG purchases, and LNG purchases. Conventional oil and natural gas production Crude oil and natural gas that is produced by a well drilled into a geologic formation in which the reservoir and fluid characteristics permit the oil and natural gas to readily flow to the wellbore. Cracker/Cat Cracker A unit in an oil refinery in which heavy fractions from crude oil are broken down (cracked) using a catalyst, into lighter distillates such as motor spirit. Crine Cost Reduction Initiative for the New Era. An oil company initiative dating from the early 1990s. Crude oil A mixture of hydrocarbons that exists in liquid phase in natural underground reservoirs and remains liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating facilities. Depending upon the characteristics of the crude stream, it may also include: Small amounts of hydrocarbons that exist in gaseous phase in natural underground reservoirs but are liquid at atmospheric pressure after being recovered from oil well (casinghead) gas in lease separators and are subsequently commingled with the crude stream without being separately measured. Lease condensate recovered as a liquid from natural gas wells in lease or field separation facilities and later mixed into the crude stream is also included; Small amounts of nonhydrocarbons produced with the oil, such as sulfur and various metals; Drip gases, and liquid hydrocarbons produced from tar sands, oil sands, gilsonite, and oil shale. Liquids produced at natural gas processing plants are excluded. Crude oil is refined to produce a wide array of petroleum products, including heating oils; gasoline, diesel and jet fuels; lubricants; asphalt; ethane, propane, and butane; and many other products used for their energy or chemical content. Crude oil acquisitions (unfinished oil acquisitions): The volume of crude oil either : acquired by the respondent for processing for his own account in accordance with accounting procedures generally accepted and consistently and historically applied by the refiner concerned, or in the case of a processing agreement, delivered to another refinery for processing for the respondent's own account. Crude oil that has not been added by a refiner to inventory and that is thereafter sold or otherwise disposed of without processing for the account of that refiner shall be deducted from its crude oil purchases at the time when the related cost is deducted from refinery inventory in accordance with accounting procedures generally applied by the refiner concerned. Crude oil processed by the respondent for the account of another is not a crude oil acquisition. Cryogenic Refers to low temperature and low temperature technology. There is no precise temperature for an upper boundary but -100oF is often used. CSWIP Certification Scheme for Welding Inspection Personnel.