The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has mandated the use of low-sulphur fuel oil (LSFO; 0.5% sulphur) by ships replacing high-sulphur fuel oil (HSFO; 3.5% sulphur), with effect from January 1, 2020.

To be compliant, ship owners have two options: use LSFO,

The review of the Consortia BER has lasted two years and involved many stakeholders who expressed their views in the framework of the consultations launched by the European Commission.

Arguments in favour and against the prolongation of the Consortia BER have